Introduction And Literature Review New Generation...

1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW New generation photovoltaic cells based on organic materials possess the potential for the low cost and large area production on mechanically flexible substrates. These are lightweight and suitable for the applications such as foldable and portable solar cells. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have not achieved efficiencies comparable to the inorganic solar cells due to poor charge carrier mobility [1]. Recent developments of optimizing the organic absorbing materials have shown encouraging device performance towards overcoming the challenges associated with commercialization. Using various fabrication techniques, production speed up to several meters square per second can be achieved. With roll to roll fabrication process, about 105 m2 of a film can be prepared in a day. The production of organic photovoltaic devices can be achieved in large quantity and many times cheaper than the conventional inorganic photovoltaic technology. Recently, organic solar cells (OSCs) developed using different fabrication techniques, materials and state of the arts have power conversion efficiency between 6 – 10% and even greater than this [2-5]. To develop more efficient organic solar cells, various strategies are being used such as bilayer heterojunction to improve exciton dissociation, bulk hetero junction to minimize exciton recombination, etc. The performance of the organic solar cell highly depends on the interfaces between the variousShow MoreRelatedResearch Project : Drivers, Barriers And Constraints And Then Refine The Outlook Of Small Scale Power Generation1488 Words   |  6 PagesME3 LITERATURE RESEARCH PROJECT Microgeneration is not living up to expectations: A report that will first review the drivers, barriers and constraints and then refine the outlook of small scale power generation. AUTHOR: AYOBAMI FALANA SUPERVISOR: Dr. MIKE RISTIC Abstract Microgeneration is the small-scale production of heat and electricity, traditionally from low-carbon sources. A study suggested that by 2050, microgeneration could provide 30–40% of the UK s electricity needs and help reduceRead MoreAn Analysis of Literature Concerning the Future of Power Generation: Nuclear Energy or Renewable Energy?591 Words   |  2 Pagesrenewable energy for the structuring of new electricity supply? Introduction Neither nuclear nor other sources of renewable energy have been successful in taking over dominance of power generation from coal except in a few countries (e.g. France, Belgium). Therefore, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature concerning what the future holds for power generation, including an assessment of whether the environment risks are too high in nuclear generation activities. Finally, a summary ofRead MoreThe Importance of Renewable Energy Sources1159 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Currently the renewable energy issue is intensely acknowledged, both by the specialists and general public. There has been published a huge amount of literature in the field of renewable energy sources, which has increased in the last years in absolute and relative terms [1]. Nevertheless, the debate regarding the support instruments and schemes for the development of renewable energy projects is far from being over, since more and more companies and public authorities are involvedRead MoreThe Generation Of Electricity By Photovoltaic Cells Essay2290 Words   |  10 PagesPHOTOVOLTAICS PIYUSH PIYUSH ID-101317400 ABSTRACT The report covers the generation of electricity by photovoltaic cells. The main idea of this report is to provide knowledge to the scholar about the photovoltaic power generation and how we can use PV cells for the production of electricity. In this report there is an explanation of how PV cells can be used for the production of electricity. The report consists of how concentrating collectors, thin film technology, building integrated systems andRead MoreSolar Energy : An Reliable Source Of Energy1771 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction: Populations have increased and so have the energy demands. Various forms of pollution have increased as countries industrialized. Electricity generation by industries emits soot mass, sulphate aerosol and water vapor into the atmosphere thus contributing to the ever increasing pollution. Most counties rely of fossil fuels like oil and natural gas to sustain domestic energy needs. This trend is being reversed in both China and Saudi Arabia with both embracing solar energy. Solar energyRead MoreDesign A Control Strategy For A Voltage Sourced Inverter3371 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract The purposeof this project is to design a control strategy for a voltage sourced inverter (VSI) that will facilitate the inversion of DC power source, supplied by Photovoltaic (PV) cells, to an AC power source which can be used either to supply load or to connect directly with utility grid. The system will be controlled to obtain maximum active power and maintain unity power factor for the grid-connected solar system. The hardware part and controller ismodelled and implemented through computerRead MoreSustainable Construction Of Sustainable Building2911 Words   |  12 PagesSustainable building Introduction As concerns of climate change and global warming rises, reducing the impact on environment and human health have became the priorities to consider before the construction of buildings. Therefore, the concept of sustainable building (also known as green building, green construction)was brought up, aiming to create structures which is environmentally responsible and source-efficient during its lifespan. [1] Compared to conventional buildings, sustainable buildingsRead MoreApplication Of A Smart Home1856 Words   |  8 Pages experimenting, modelling, testing and designing in order to achieve the required objectives. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of Study 1 1.2 Problem Statement 1 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Scope of Study 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORY 4 2.1 Theory 4 2.2 Literature Review 4 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCES 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces and explains the project topic, â€Å"Design and Simulation of an Algorithm Improving Energy Efficiency inRead MorePlanning For Space Based Solar Power Stations3626 Words   |  15 PagesPower Stations by Yingliang Nie October 2014 Supervisor: Dr. Ediz Cetin; Dr. Garth Pearce University of New South Wales Kensington, New South Wales ABSTRACT This report aims at analysing the feasibility of the Space-based Solar Power stations (SBSP) and scheme a theoretically executable solution. The report begins with an introduction to the concept of space solar power (SSP) and reviews prior researches of proposed solar power satellite (SPS) systems. The functional components of the SBSP areRead MoreAdoption Factors Of Residential Solar Energy2937 Words   |  12 Pages Adoption Factors of Residential Solar Energy Group 2: John Karlovic Matt Peleti Henish Savaliya Khushinder Randhawa Introduction As world population continues to rise and economic development drives energy consumption upward, the necessity of energy diversification will intensify. Obvious concerns for fossil fuels, such as their inherent finitude and the pollution costs, only further accentuate the need for adoption of non-fossil fuel energy sources. In the renewable energy market

Essay on Globalisation Will NOT End World Poverty

The essence of globalisation is a subordination of human rights, of labour rights, consumer, environmental rights, democracy rights, to the imperatives of global trade and investment. ---Ralph Nader Globalisation is a widely used term in current day economy; the term has several different meanings and has only come to existence over the past several decades. The term Globalisation broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the establishment of social life in a global community, and growth of global consciousness, so it is the combination of a world society. Globalisation is the basic result from human innovation and technological processes, it implies that due to the increase coherence of world economies through†¦show more content†¦But in also can be argued that globalisation will eventually lead to the global economies to become equal upon there economic powers, this can be because of the cause of increase of jobs, increase in trade and also because of the increase of investment. The main advantages of globalisation can include such factors that will eventually lead to a reduction in world poverty may include the increase of jobs around the world, the increase of investment and also the increase of trade in contact with different economies in developed and undeveloped countries. Jobs may increase around the world through large multinational investing in different economies causing the expansion of businesses in developed countries. This means that as the firms expand they will need more employees and by employing locals it will mean that the companies will cause the regional and national economies to strengthen and thus decrease poverty in the region. Investment will cause poverty to decrease because it will mean that businesses will invest in foreign corporations by investing capital into them. By thus it will mean that the foreign corporations will expand and grow and by thus it will cause the local economy to strengthen as it will mean that more people will b able to get jobs and start working and it will cause unemployment to decrease. A clear example of this occurring is in South Africa where upon European firms invested in theShow MoreRelatedGlobalisation2003 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is ‘globalisation’ and is it good for society? This essay explores the concept of globalisation and whether it is beneficial to society. The essay will consist of the introduction, conclusion and three sections. Section one will define the main terms. Section two will explore the advantages of globalisation and section three considers the criticisms of globalisation. The main thrust is presented, as globalisation is good for society even though it does have some significant and dire consequencesRead MoreHow Economic Globalization Has Fostered Globalization of Critics and Criticism?3991 Words   |  16 Pagesmanufacturer that is based from a specific part of the world to sell a product or good to the consumers in other parts of the world (Trebilcock, 2000; Naik, 2011). Economic globalization has also enabled the rise of other related concepts such as ‘transnational or multi-national companies/corporations’ which refer to the companies that are active in numerous countries at the same time (Trebilcock, 2000; Naik, 201 1). 4 |B u s i n e s s a n d S o c i e t y Because of these characteristics of economic globalizationRead MoreGlobalization of Higher Education7759 Words   |  32 PagesJournal of Higher Education Policy and Management Vol. 30, No. 3, August 2008, 215–229 Globalisation and higher education funding policy shifts in Kenya Gerald Wangenge-Ouma* Faculty of Education, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa This paper identifies, examines and discusses higher education funding policy shifts that have taken place in Kenya. The paper argues that even though Kenya’s higher education funding policy shifts, from free higher education to cost-sharing,Read MoreDefination of Globalisation12291 Words   |  50 PagesGlobalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Introduction Globalization is not a single concept that can be defined and encompassed within a set time frame, nor is it a process that can be defined clearly with a beginning and an end. Furthermore, it cannot be expounded upon with certainty and be applicable to all people and in all situations. Globalization involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge; cultural stability;Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesSTUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie musicRead MoreThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 Pagesmy primary school age. In the same vein, let me thank all the teachers who taught me at the secondary school level. I particularly thank Mr. J. Usifo (English Teacher), Mr. J. O. Ogigie (Mathematics Teacher), Mr. A. J. O. Aliemeke (Geography and Senior House Master), Mr. Okoh (School Principal) of blessed memory, Mr. C. O. Oteh (Economics Teacher) and others. My educational development benefitted immensely from my one-year stint at the Lower Six Geography class at Edo College Higher School CertificateRead MoreUsa Furniture Manufacturing Industry8030 Words   |  33 Pagesperceptions within the United States. Finally considerations such as regionalism, e commerce and international terrorism and the impact on global expansion Contents Page 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Reasoning for considering Globalisation of Adorn 4 2 Analysis of Globalisation 4 2.1 GDP 5 2.2 Demographic Trends 6 2.2.1 Population 6 2.2.2 Culture 6 2.3 Proposed Country 6 3 The United States 7 3.1 P.E.S.T. 8 3.1.1 Political – legal environment 8 3.1.2 Economic environmentRead MoreEntrepreneurship in Pakistan20067 Words   |  81 Pagesprior permission of the author(s) and or the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, P. O. Box 1091, Islamabad 44000.  © Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 2007. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: publications@p ide.org.pk Website: http://www.pide.org.pk Fax: +92-51-9210886 Designed, composed, and finished at the Publications Division, PIDE. C O N T E N TS Page Abstract v 1. Introduction 1 2. Understanding Entrepreneurship 2 (a) What MakesRead MorePolitical Risk Management and Insurance: A Contextual Comparison12751 Words   |  51 Pagesmanagement has been developed in the contemporary history. A comparative analysis of concepts that deal with political risk under the contexts of prevailing ideologies; political and economic constructs has been conducted. Table of Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc339812563Chapter-1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc339812563 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc339812564Introduction and Background PAGEREF _Toc339812564 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc339812565Purpose Statement PAGEREF _Toc339812565 h 3 HYPERLINKRead MoreThe Nigerian Stock Market and Its Impact on the Economy9899 Words   |  40 Pageslike any other nation, has been involved in political engineering partly to achieve this goal. Like many other African economies, the Nigerian economy has been mixed. However, the level of government participation has been reducing in line with globalisation trend and market base resource rationalisation concept. In this spirit, the Federal Government sold its shares in many firms and privatized and commercialised many other parastatals. The economy, including the capital market, was substantially

Cross cultural management definitions free essay sample

Heterogeneity – we are not all the same; groups within society differ. Similarity and Difference – many people differ from me culturally. Equifinality – many culturally distinct way of lining life, working and reaching one’s goal exists Cultural Contingency – many different and equally good ways can be used to reach the same goal. Cultural self-awareness an understanding of their own cultural assumptions and patterns of behavior; Cross-cultural awareness – an understanding of the others cultures’ assumptions and patterns of behavior. Roman dictum â€Å"knowledge is power†: in knowing yourself you gain power over your perceptions and reactions; you can control your own behavior and your reactions to others’ behavior. 3. Organizational Culture vs. National Culture Many managers believe that organizational culture moderates or erases the influence of national culture; Assume that employees working for the same organization – even if they come from different countries – will behave similarly. False supposition; employees and managers bring their cultural background and ethnicity to the workplace. Studies of Laurent and Geert Hofstede (research documents a wide range of cultural differences in work related values, attitudes) who pronounced cultural differences among employees from all around the world working in multinational companies. When working for multinational companies, German become more German, Americans more American and so on. 4. Fatalism/ Choice Fatalism is the concept that everything that happens to us is unavoidable, either because it is all predetermined by fate or because it is simply beyond us to control. Free will (choice) is the belief that human beings can make their own choices and determine their own destinies. In a way, a belief in Murphys Law can help these two diametrically opposed concepts to coexist. Murphy reminds us that were likely to mess up a lot of the time, but it also helps us see that were not in complete control of our lives. For example, if it seems like you always get stuck in the slowest lane of traffic, Murphys Law can help you see that it is a combination of your own choices (choosing what time of day to drive, what road to take, which lane to enter) and forces beyond your control (the traffic itself) that cause your delay. 5. Dominance vs. Harmony Dominance = cultural dominance (in business) – continuing to use approaches you use at home; used when managers believe that their way is the only right way, especially in situations involving ethical decisions. Dominant over nature (as North Americans) or in harmony with it (Chinese people with feng shui or â€Å"wind water† – there is no real separation between people and their natural environment, they leave in peace with it) Dominant cultures (America) – approach to agriculture – they use pesticides, fertilizers and genetically modified seeds to increase crop yields; other ex: astronauts’ conquers the space, biotechnology and genetic engineering to alter the nature of life itself. Harmony – approach to agriculture – plant the â€Å"right† crops in the â€Å"right† places at the â€Å"right† time of the year in order to maintain the soil in good conditions. When Sir Edmund Hillary reached the top of the Everest: Dominance oriented press : â€Å"Men conquers mountain† Harmony-oriented press – â€Å"Man befriends mountains† 6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Parochialism Parochialism: view the world solely through one’s own eyes and perspective; a person with parochial perspective neither recognizes other people’s different ways of living and working, nor appreciates that such differences can offer significant opportunities or creates serious consequences. Advantages: As example, America has a large domestic market, so that the global business expertise is unnecessary; English will continue to be a language of international business; Disadvantages: No understanding on how to manage in an international environment; As an example, Americans think about themselves that they do not need to learn other language or to go to other country to succeed in business; No efficiency in working with other cultures or in a multicultural environment; Cultural misunderstandings; 7. Conservatism vs. Liberalism Liberal cultures believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. It is the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need. Liberal policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems. Conservative cultures believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Believe the role of government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. Conservative policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve problems. 8. Substitutable Values/ Unique Values Presented in Metaphysics of Morals written by Immanuel Kant, 9. Career Anchors According to Edgar Schein, he has identified eight themes and has shown that people will have prioritized preferences for these. People tend to stay anchored in one area and their career will echo this in many ways. 1. Technical/functional competence – this kind of person likes being good at smth and will work to become an expert. 2. General Managerial competence – persons who like problem-solving and dealing with people; 3. Autonomy/Independence – people who have a primary need to work under their own rules; avoid standards and prefer to work alone; 4. Security/ Stability – people who seek stability and security; avoid risks; 5. Entrepreneurial Creativity – people who like to invent things, to be creative and run their own businesses; they easily get bored; 6. Service/Dedication to cause – how people can help other people by using their talents; 7. Pure Challenge – seek constant stimulation and difficult problems; change job when get bored; 8. Lifestyle 10. Kinesics Is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures — or, more formally, non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole. Ekman and Friesen (1969) in their seminal work on kinesics classify kinesics into five Categories: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adapters: a) Emblems = are non-verbal messages that have a verbal counterpart. For example, the British sign for Victory (forefinger and middle finger erect) symbolizes the letter V, a sign for victory often seen painted onto house walls during WWII. However, the same movement may  symbolize the number two in the US and may be seen as insulting in Australia. b) Illustrators = are used to illustrate what is being said. In terms of business communication, the importance of illustrator’s usage is quite significant. For example, in some Asian cultures extensive use of illustrators are often interpreted as a lack of intelligence, whereas in Latin cultures the absence of illustrators is easily construed as a lack of interest. c) Active Displays = are body or facial movements that display a certain affective state, as example, emotions. d) Regulators = non-verbal signs that regulate, modulate and maintain the flow of speech during conversation. e) Adaptors = postural changes and other movements at a low level of awareness. 11. Proxemics Proxemics or the use of space has a great impact on the intercultural communications. The important aspect of proxemics is that areas very close to our body is usually reserved for people we are intimate with, whereas space further away from our body is open to persons one is less intimate with. However some differences can be seen when studying certain cultures. For example, persons from Latin cultures sit closer to each other as are people from Northern European cultures. The importance of proxemics in business communication is important for a number of reasons: through the distance that is chosen when communicating to one another, people express their degree of intimacy and trust towards that person. 12. Chronemics Chronemics – is the cross cultural concept of time. Edward Hall identified two systems used to refer to time and its influence on society: polychronic and monochronic. Polychronic used to describe the preference for doing several things at once (people-oriented; Italy, Brazil; flexible approach of time; no strict agenda) Monochronic refers to an individual’s preference to do their activities one by one (U.S. or Germany prefer promptness, careful planning and rigid commitment to plans; task-oriented) While doing business in other countries, you should consider the different perceptions of time people might have. Everyday global business activities such as scheduling meetings, participating in conference calls or planning a project can be affected by attitudes to time. 13. Cromatics 14. Elaborate Vs. Succinct Verbal Styles These verbal stylistic variations describe de quantity of talk in everyday conversations in different cultures. Elaborate Verbal Style = rich, expressive language, which uses a large number of adjectives describing a noun, exaggerations, idiomatic expressions, proverbs and metaphors. Used in Middle East cultures such as Iran, Egypt, Saudi-Arabia, which are moderate in Hofstede’s UAI dimension and are highcontext cultures. Succint Verbal Style = high context and high uncertainty avoidance cultures; explicit verbal communication does not contain all the information which is supposed to be transmitted; depends heavily on non-verbal aspect, so that verbal message is considered only a part of communication (due to high context cultures). Ex. : Japanese (have developed haragei or the â€Å"art of the belly† for meeting the minds without clear verbal interaction. 15. Cultural Representations of Good and Evil Cultures perceive differently the good and the evil. Americans see people as a mixture of good and evil, they believe in the possibility of improvement through change. Some other cultures see people as basically evil (Puritans orientation). Others see people as basically good (Utopian societies). Societies that consider people good tend to trust them a great deal, whereas societies that consider people evil tend to suspect and mistrust them. Ex: the study case from the book, in which a young Canadian was employed at a restaurant owned by a Bosnian. The owner let the young employee alone in a room where the money for the wages were deposited, in the situation in  which, the owner of the restaurant didn’t know any information about the new employee. 16. Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Diversity Advantages: multicultural teams have the potential to achieve higher productivity than homogeneous teams; more and better ideas; limited groupthink Disadvantages: multicultural teams have the risk of experiencing greater losses due to faulty process. attitudinal problems – dislike and mistrust between members (Indians look down when acknowledging authority). stereotyping communication problems – inaccuracy, misinterpretations and inefficiency stress (the French want to discuss principles and historical precedent while Americans focus on specific details of the immediate situation) decreased effectiveness;

International Development Sector

General Overview General description of the sector International development which is also referred to as Global development is defined as a concept that provides states with an opportunity to develop itself positively and thus achieve better quality life for its citizenry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, this is a concept that defines the process of human development which was developed during the industrialization period in the 19th century, a time during which the world poverty rate was very high resulting in many people living below the world poverty line. Global poverty continues to be a tremendous problem today even as hundreds of billions of dollars from international development assistance trickles in. International Development concept was developed as a means of alleviating poverty with the aim of improving the lifestyle of peop le living in the third world countries. It is a concept that involves provision of foreign aid for healthcare, education, infrastructure, economics, and initiating relevance to gender equality, disaster preparedness and issues dealing with human rights and other related issues. Scope of sector activities According to Scott (156) â€Å"international development projects may consist of a single, renovation projects that are used to address a specific problem or a great number of projects targeted at several facets of the society. Development involves reducing deprivation or broadening choice. Since its implementation, the sector has been used to shape up the society in terms of coming up with new changes in policy and framework for both economic and political sectors. Before, the colonial societies were the ideological bases for development commonly known as foreign policy. By early 20th century, the idea of development resurfaced and that is where the name international development was born. At that time the world was in dire need of peace and reconciliation which was driven by the efforts of the industrialized countries in the West hence, industrial development set its priorities to support those countries that were in need of assistance in their development efforts that is why the international development industry helps through fostering supportive measures to ensure that these countries will come to realize their goals. The main aim of international development is to provide long term solutions to problems concerning development in various countries. Main operating focus This industry’s main goal is to provide the essential facilities needed to provide sustainable and practical solutions concerning developmental problems. International development comes up with developmental projects that are able to be carried on indefinitely without the need of international help either financially or in any other way.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, International development mainly focuses on the one goal that seems to be a problem in the third world countries like those in Africa, this is poverty, their main duty is to ensure that the poverty eradication measures are put in place in the respective countries both at individual and societal level in order to make sure that they are on a path that gives them an opportunity for sustainable growth and development and also provide these countries with an opportunity to participate in the world’s economic and political fields. The projects that the industry is concerned with are based on the determination of the people in third world countries especially countries in Africa to free themselves and their continent from apprehension of under development and segregation by participating in a globalizing world. General economic employment impact Alleviating poverty and ensur ing that a country is attaining a positive mark in guaranteeing that there is sustainable growth in their countries, development must involve economic and social policies in many fronts which they pose as a challenge. For example, over the last decades, the Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) income growth has hardly kept pace with the growth in population. In the 1970s, the sub Sahara region was able to record a moderate increase growth per capita income which remained below 2.5% per annum both in the 1980s and 1990s.This mark on the other hand improved after the millennium but is still below 10%. Even though there are efforts to ensure speedy recovery, it has been proved that most projects are short lived and long term growth developments are below the levels required to meet poverty alleviation targets. Development impacts are also slow in SSA due to immense changes in income distribution for example, the poorest populations experience steep declines in their per capita incomes than the econ omy as a whole. Adjustment policies that include trade and financial liberalization, privatization and retrenchment of public sector have played a very significant role in increasing the middle class who have become a prominent feature of income distribution in many developing countries. The international development industry provides policies that are meant to reduce poverty leading to rapid and sustained growth and job creation opportunities (Obioma 78). It is valuable to take note that the economic growth of a country may not automatically trickle down to the poor and that’s exactly why the international development industry emphasizes on helping the developing countries in coming up with policies that make it easy for the poor to access vital support structures such as human, physical and financial assets’ to improve their earning capacity hence this is why particular attention is paid to public provision of education and health services (Scott 98).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Structure of the Sector (industry): Who are the major players (stakeholders?) The structure of the international development sector is defined by the specific member organizations policies. Although this is the case, the concerned governments and private sectors are encouraged to partner together to speed up development in Africa. Nevertheless, focus on International development sector as a dependent industry begun just recently. Most of the international development projects are funded by Westernized countries (developed countries) whereby these countries help to contribute in a number of ways for example, churning out a lot of plans and programmes which are used to accomplish development plans that will improve the quality of life of people. The main players in this industry are: International and regional organizations Inte rnational institutes like United Nations (UN), The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are among the organization which provide humanitarian and development assistance to the third world countries. Some of the development projects are also funded by regional banks. Unilateral assistance â€Å"Both the unilateral and multilateral assistance can be channeled to a country through a countries own foreign aid and developmental agencies. Foreign policy may be attained by having a sense of moral obligation† (McMichael, 145). Non- governmental organizations (NGOs) Several nongovernmental organizations are known to steer up developmental projects especially by providing humanitarian needs directly or even through collaborating with the U.N. agencies. Their participation in development process is seen as advantageous as compared to the international organizations participation since they are not limited to any political constraints and for this reason their diversity a nd liberty permits them to work even in very intricate places. NGOs function at all levels, grass-roots, national, regional and international levels. Many carry out high-impact, high-resource projects and work in the fields of health, refugees, environment, human rights, education, and other key aspects of international development. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in calling for a sustainable growth in the global arena. Campaigning groups have also been key drivers of inter-governmental negotiations, ranging from the regulation of waste materials which are hazardous to a global ban on land mines and the elimination of slavery.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Military The military’s main role is to ensure that the environments in which relief agencies are operating on are safe. There are a few instances during which the military may provide aid directly especially during those times when international organizations and the non- governmental organizations find themselves overstretched and are unable to provide adequate aid due to matters concerning security. Obioma 56) notes â€Å"the military may be capable of providing managements efforts and organize the general humanitarian response and also have the capability of dealing with demanding needs both technical and physical like reinstating communication channels and delivery routes.† The military’s aim is also able to maintain internal security and protect citizens and their property in addition to its purpose of defending the country against invasion by any foreign force. Therefore, its major task is to ensure that there is total peace among the people. In addition to their basic military roles, the armed forces also participate in a variety of civic action programs designed to support the country’s development efforts. The International Dimension How global are sector activities Globalization requires states reinforcing capacity. A state that opens up its economy is going to bring in costs and benefits. Focus on compensating losses from globalization and technological change depends on how effective a state is in terms of its economic growth (McMichael, 29). Development strategies such as reforming of public services will give states a better opportunity to benefit from globalization. Since 1980s, a number of developmental programmes were put in place in an effort to establish foundations for structural transformation and integration of African countries into the global world (Obioma 96).For instance in 1980; African leaders adopted the Lagos Plan of Action for Economic Development of Africa. The main aim of adopting the plan was so th at African states could restructure their economies basing it on the principle of self reliance and self- sustaining development. In 1990, United Nations adopted the United Nations Plan of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development (UN-PAAERD) which was adopted with the aim of establishing foundations for structural transformation, increase in productivity and improvement of African economies. International distribution of competition Competition is central in the operation of markets as it fosters innovation, productivity and growth which help in creation of wealth and reduction of poverty rates. It is however a challenge to identify where competition is weak and how to promote more efficient business rivalry that would promote trade and industry expansion and also decrease poverty. International development is a nonprofit sector that is usually associated with national societies that comprises of organizations and associations which lie between states and markets (Escoba r, 85). These are organizations that are not associated with any kinds of business or political realms therefore, this are sectors that operate outside the global economy and they help policy makers in developing countries identify these competitions. â€Å"International markets are dominated by big businesses that have close ties with governments and the more effective competition is, the more chances a government is able to reduce issues of corruption creating more room for development goals to be achieved†(Escobar,63). Related Sector Employment and Careers: Industrial development sector has very limited information as it is an industry for this reason; the employment numbers are difficult to estimate because of lack of proper definition as to which organizations are involved in the international development sector. Most of the African states have an official non-governmental sector but many of them do not focus on international development as many work relatively on issues that are domestic (McMichael 59). Distribution of occupations (entry level, mid-career, top management) To gain access to this particular industry, it needs an individual who has high level of expertise in that particular field. Since most of the positions available are attached to government donor agencies like World Bank, U.N. agencies U.S International Development agencies among others, there are tight restrictions on the qualification for each particular individual. Fields that require technical experts, project managers and researchers are the main broad categories that account for the entry level, mid level or senior level or executive positions for an individual. International development provides a person with various opportunities in various international development positions but only specific blending of certain qualities will entitle one to have an opportunity to work in this industry. Having clear understanding of each type of job and considering relevance of the contr ibutions made by the positions will significantly be a helpful factor in ones career growth in international development (Escobar 143). Key education and resource skills needed to succeed Today there are a number of universities that are providing undergraduate courses in international development. These courses provide the students with an opportunity to have common knowledge in a specific practice area hence therefore, what they learn in these institutions eventually contributes’ towards the progression of sustaining the foundations of the industry. Within the development industry, there are various specializations which emphasizes on different specific core skills since there are several positions available in this industry which includes; business development, research evaluation, project management among other administrative functions all that deal with development organizations. Basic Skills needed include computer applications, knowledge in media, statistics administra tion and management although it will depend on the position (Devex, np). Main certifications, best strategies for entry into the sector Due to the rapid changes that keep occurring in the industry, an individual who is considering working in this sector has to his/her best possess suitable skills and qualification (Devex, np). One way of achieving this is through ensuring that one is critically aware of the latest sectors that are gaining prominence, ensure that one is aware of the funding trends and is in constant check of the activities of the worlds’ leading international and non-governmental organizations. Besides the above strategies an individual is also expected to possess certificates that indicate that he/she is suitable for the position depending on what one has studied in high levels of academic institutions not excluding the period of experience. Works Cited Devex. â€Å"International Development job and consulting opportunities.† Devex. 2011. Web. Escobar , Andrew. Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton university press: Princeton, 1995.Print McMichael, Philip. Development and social change: a global perspective 3rd ed. California: Pines Forge Press, 2003. Print Obioma, Iheduru. Contending issues in African development: advances, challenges, and the future. Greenwood Vlg: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Print Scott Straus. Africa’s stalled development: international causes and cures. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. Print. This essay on International Development Sector was written and submitted by user C1ndy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dunkin Donuts Essay Example

Dunkin Donuts Paper Notre Dame University BAD 603 Presented to: Dr. Nicolas Khoury Presented by: Charbel Salameh Date: 02/06/10 Company Overview: Dunkin Donuts claims to be the worlds largest coffee and baked goods chain, serving 2. 7 million customers per day at approximately 8,800 stores in 31 countries which include approximately 6,400 Dunkin Donuts locations throughout the USA. This figure compares with the 15,011 stores of coffee chain Starbucks, whose baked goods are usually prepared out of shop. Most Dunkin Donuts stores are franchises. There are no Dunkin Donuts stores anywhere in the state of California, and a notice on the companys web site states that franchises are not being offered in that state. No explanation is given as to why. Only 75 franchisees exist west of the Mississippi River, mostly in Arizona, Nevada and Texas. Key Facts Business Description: Dunkin Donuts, along with Baskin-Robbins, is owned by Dunkin Brands Inc. (previously known as Allied Domecq Quick Service Restaurants, when it was a part of Allied Domecq). Dunkin Brands used to own the Togos chain, but sold this in late 2007 to a private equity firm. Dunkin Brands was owned by French Beverage Company, Pernod Ricard S. A. after it purchased Allied Domecq. They reached an agreement in December 2005 to sell the brand to a consortium of three private equity firms, Bain Capital Partners, the Carlyle Group and Thomas H. Lee Partners. In the U. S. , Dunkin Donuts is sometimes paired with Baskin-Robbins ice cream shops. We will write a custom essay sample on Dunkin Donuts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dunkin Donuts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dunkin Donuts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While such locations usually have two counters set up for each chain (much like the Wendys/Tim Hortons co-branded locations), depending on business that day both products can be bought at the same counter (usually the Dunkin counter), much like the Yum! Brands stores. History of Dunkin Donuts: It all started in 1946 when William Rosenberg (founder of Dunkin Donuts and also the International Franchise Association) invested $5,000 to form Industrial Luncheon Services, a company that delivered meals and coffee break snacks to customers in the outskirts of Boston, Massachusetts. The success of Industrial Luncheon Services led Rosenberg to open his first coffee and donut shop, the Open Kettle. Then, in 1950, Rosenberg opened the first store known as Dunkin Donuts in Quincy, Massachusetts. Key Employees Executive leadership team is constituted of: Nigel Travis, Dunkin Brands Chief Executive Officer and President, Dunkin Donuts William Bode, Vice President, Northeast Randy Brashier, Vice President, Operating Systems John Costello, Chief Global Customer ; Marketing Officer John Dawson, Chief Development Officer Al Hodges, Vice President, South Central Tony Pavese, Chief Operating Officer, International Joe Scafido, Chief Innovation Officer, Dunkin Brands Major Products Services: Dunkin Donuts has more than 1,000 donut varieties along with other products. * Baked Goods * Donuts Various donuts * eclairs, cop fritters, crullers, bismarcks, and coffee rolls (9 varieties) * Munchkins * Stick donuts (Black)(6 varieties) * Bagels * Scones * Turnovers * Fruit Tarts * Muffins * Danish pastry * Cookies * Brownies * Cinnamon Twists Bagel twist * Breakfast sandwiches * Egg and cheese * Egg and cheese with ham, bacon or sausage * Supreme omelette * Ham and cheese * Hash browns * Oven toasted items * Flatbread sandwiches * Coffee * Bulk Coffee * Espresso, Cappuccino, and Lattes * Iced Coffee, in these flavors: * Blueberry * Caramel * Cinnamon * Hazelnut * Raspberry * Toasted Almond * French Vanilla * Coconut * Iced Lattes * Latte Lite Espresso * Turbo * Other hot beverages * Hot chocolate * Tea * Vanill a Chai * White Hot Chocolate * Dunkaccino * Cold beverages Coolattas * Coffee * Watermelon * Grape * Vanilla Bean * Tropicana Orange * Strawberry * Iced teas * Smoothies Dunkin Deli Dunkin Delis are found in some Dunkin Donuts in the United States. These delis offer a selection of sandwiches, salads, and soups, and are the result of the former ownership of the sandwich chain Togos by Dunkin Donuts parent company. Dietary concerns In August 2007, Dunkin Donuts announced plans to greatly reduce trans fats from its menu items by switching to a blend of palm, soybean, and cottonseed oils. In addition to 400 US stores that took part in a four-month blind test, the low trans fat menu is available nationwide since October 18, 2007. International locations are expected to begin using the new oil within the next few years. Dunkin’ Donuts has launched DDSMART, a healthy new menu. The new items are reduced in calories, fat, saturated fat, sugar or sodium by at least 25%. SWOT Analysis: First of all, let us discuss what the company’s strengths are. Dunkin Donuts is a recognizable and trusted brand. With more than fifty years in the business, customers know Dunkin Donuts. This makes them more likely to try new offerings and return to franchises. It also makes advertising that uses the company name and logo more recognizable, particularly in mailings and in the newspaper. Dunkin Donuts is also recognized by business owners as a good franchise to buy and run, making it further poised for growth with entrepreneurs and in areas where there is little current competition. Finally, Dunkin Donuts is known for its speed of service, simplified menu and drink sizes, and its reasonable prices and fair trade. As for the eaknesses, consumer reviews have revealed that quality of food in certain franchises is not as good as others; hence there is inconsistent quality of Dunkins Donuts. In addition, it cannot be found on every street corner; it mainly dominates the West Coast. It also still needs to create more friendly and calm atmosphere when compared to other competitors. Next we have the opportunities. Coffee consumption is on the increase in Asia, especially in c ountries with rising disposable incomes such as China. There is also a donut craze in many Asian countries including Singapore, Taiwan and Malaysia. With the rise of globalization, the speed of the flow of information quickens, so everything is moving at a faster pace. This is an opportunity for DD as it has positioned itself as a quick stopover to get your beverage or snack fix. There is also a growing acceptance of western influences in countries from the younger generation, where in Taiwan; youngsters would queue in line for hours for donuts. The possibility of a US recession is also an opportunity, because it seems that Americans like to drown their economic woes in rich sugary food, especially if that food is cheap. What else can you share with 12 people that cost fewer than six bucks? Finally, we will move to the threats facing the Dunkin Donuts. The first threat facing DD is the presence of many competitors, like Starbucks, McDonalds and krispy kreme. They can potentially cause a large reduction in DDs market share in coffee and baked foods. Another threat is that there are low barriers of entry into the coffee and donut industry, which actually gives rise to the threat above presence of many competitors. The price of raw ingredients is also increasing, like soybean. It is a threat as DD is now using reformulated cooking oil, made from soybean, for its donuts to eliminate Trans fats. The increase in raw material prices may result in an increase in DDs operating cost. There is also an increasing concern of health issues globally as people are becoming more aware. However this is not a big threat to DD as theyve removed Trans fats from their donuts, and in essence, donuts have been accepted to be popular comfort food. Top Competitors: Most of their business competition comes from small locally owned stores, Krispy Kreme doughnuts and Starbucks; in Canada and parts of the Great Lakes region, Tim Hortons is a major competitor. Mister Donut had been its largest competitor in the United States before the company was bought by Dunkin Donuts parent company. The Mister Donut stores were rebranded as Dunkin Donuts. In the province of Quebec, Alimentation Couche-Tard owns the master franchise to Dunkin Donuts. In the United States, that companys Circle K convenience stores also share some locations with Dunkin Donuts. However, Dunkin Donuts began to close several locations in Quebec within the 2000s because of competitor Tim Hortons opening many Quebec locations. Some Dunkin Donuts locations continue to open in Quebec, most recently at the Lionel-Groulx metro station. Couche-Tard agreed in August 2008 to terminate its role as master franchisee within 12 to 18 months. Moreover, we will discuss the coffee wars that exist between Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks. With its Free Iced Coffee Day promotion Tuesday, Dunkin Donuts appears to be taking on Starbucks happy hour Frappaccino promotional drive. As summer rolls around the corner, coffee shops around the country have ramped up their promotional efforts, offering consumers luring deals on discounted coffee drinks. With coffee shops plastered on every street corner and down every valley, competing brands such as Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks are coming on strong in a battle to win over the loyalties of consumers across the nation. Dunkin Donuts is partaking in Dunkin Donuts’ Free Iced Coffee Day celebrations in which it gives away free iced coffee to customers between the hours of 4 p. m. to 10 p. . (two hours left to go at the time of writing). Don’t get too excited, though, because if you don’t live in one of 14 locations in which the promotion is offered and aren’t in the mood for iced coffee on May 11, you aren’t getting free coffee. It seems that some may have mistakenly thought that Dunkin Donuts Free Iced Coffee Day is happening nationally, only to have their hopes shattered when they rea lized that iced coffee from Dunkin will be free only in 14 participating locations in Arizona, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. On the company’s Facebook page, donut dunkers around the country are expressing their anger for not being able to get their yearly dose of free iced coffee. Starbucks, in a calculated move, has been offering discounted frappuccinos at most locations from May 7 through May 16. Between the hours of 3 pm and 5 pm, participating locations will be offering a 50 percent discount on their frappuccinos, or 50% off $4. 75 on a large or venti size. Consumers around the country were thus faced the difficult question as they came off of work: to pay $2. 0 for a tasty frappuccino or pay nothing for a perhaps-less-tasty but always classic cup of iced coffee should you be lucky enough to be in the vicinity of a participating location. Other Competitors: * Caribou Coffee * Donut King in Australia * Honey Dew Donuts in New England * J. CO Donuts ; Coffee mainly in Indonesia * Happy Haus * The Whole Donut in New England * Country Style Company View: Dunkin Donuts today outlined its plans to fu rther expand its presence into Asia starting with the announcement of its first store in Taiwan. The new Dunkin Donuts will open today in Taipei City, Taiwan. The company recently granted franchise rights to Mercuries ; Associates to develop 100 stores in Taiwan over the next 10 years. Mercuries, the fifth largest market cap company in Taiwan, as well as one of the country’s largest retailers, brings 25 years of operating experience to the partnership. Taiwan represents the first step in Dunkin Donuts greater China strategy, said Anthony P. Pavese, Dunkin Brands Vice President of International Asia Pacific. †We are actively looking for Dunkin? Donuts partners in China, added Pavese. Dunkin Brands announcement comes on the heels of the company recently surpassing $1 billion in international system wide sales annually. The Dunkin Donuts restaurant in Taiwan will offer a complete menu of Dunkin Donuts internationally recognized coffee, baked goods and iced beverages. The restaurant will also serve items customized to suit local taste preferences such as sweet potato, green apple and pineapple doughnuts, mocha rings, which are cake doughnuts indigenous to the region, as well as iced fruit teas and sandwiches. The restaurant will be a welcoming environment for customers to connect with friends and family while discovering new food and beverage choices. Our success throughout the Asia Pacific region over the last 25 years gives us confidence that the Taiwanese people will embrace Dunkin Donuts. Locations ; Subsidiaries: With over 2,600 stores in 30 countries outside of the U. S. , Dunkin’ Donuts has been serving loyal customers around the globe for over 27 years. From Asia to Latin America and everywhere in between, you can count on Dunkin’ Donuts for delicious coffee and espresso, cool coolatta, delectable donuts, sandwiches and more. Below is a list of all countries where Dunkin’ Donuts operates: * Aruba * Algeria (2009) * Argentina (2009) * Bahrain * Bahamas * Brazil: (As Dunkin Donuts and as Cafe Donuts, with some different donuts and coffees added to the menu) * Bulgaria * Brunei * Canada * Cayman Islands (2006) * Chile * China (2008) * Colombia * Ecuador * Germany * Honduras * Indonesia * South Korea * Kuwait (2006)| * Lebanon * Malaysia * Mexico * New Zealand * Pakistan (2000) * Panama * Peru (1996) * Philippines (1981) * Russia [31] (1995–1996, 2010-) * Oman (2008) * Qatar * Saudi Arabia * Spain (Due to trademark issues, the brand used is Dunkin Coffee) * Republic of China (Taiwan) * Singapore * Thailand * Turkey * United Arab Emirates * United States *   Puerto Rico | Latest Company News: In the past seven years, Dunkin has added about 1,500 outlets, and that growth is set to accelerate, according to Jon Luther, chief executive of Dunkin Brands since 2003. Late last month, the company fetch ed $2. 43 billion from Thomas H. Lee Partners LP, Bain Capital Partners and the Carlyle Group. The deal, which is expected to close in March, means a hefty infusion of capital, which Luther said would go toward new prototypes and products, and more rapid expansion of the three concepts in Dunkin Brands portfolio. No doubt, the future looks bright for Dunkin Donuts. Dunkin Donuts is continuously striving to launch new products as well as to expand its subsidiaries all over the world. It has recently launched the DDSmart menu constituted of a light sandwich + a light Latte. Dunkin Donuts’ selection of better-for-consumers foods and beverages ensures that its restaurants offer great-tasting choices that fit consumers’ lifestyle and meet their dietary wants and needs.

Statute and State Law Relationship Essay Example

Statute and State Law Relationship Essay Example Statute and State Law Relationship Essay Statute and State Law Relationship Essay In this case the employer fired a woman warehouse employee who was a heavy equipment operator. She had been rebuked in the past for disciplinary problems and had even been suspended. After she had a physical fight with an employee she was terminated. After termination she filed a suit under Title VII alleging that she was sexually discriminated against and was sexually harassed. The trial court did not allow the sexual harassment claim to proceed but the sexual discrimination claim was allowed to proceed to trial. At the trial, she presented circumstantial evidence showing that she was stalked by her superior, disciplined more severely than males, her disciplinary reports were stacked, she was discriminated against with respect to overtime assignments and supervisors used sex-based slurs against her.This was a mixed motive case in which both poor job performance and sex discrimination reasons had led to her dismissal.The regulation interpreted in this case was that prior to this judg ment in discrimination cases pretext theory cases were allowed to proceed without direct evidence. In pretext theory cases circumstantial evidence was allowed, but in mixed motive theory direct evidence was required. That is the employee had to show by direct evidence that sexual discrimination was the main motivating factor in her dismissal.However, in the Desert Palace case the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously held that an employee alleging a mixed motive theory of discrimination under Title VII does not need to provide direct evidence of discrimination (Smith S. 2003). In other words circumstantial evidence was admissible.This case has impacted the employment environment because now even if a woman is not performing up to the mark at work, employers are advised to refrain from sexually discriminating against her.Reference:Smith S. (2003) The Death of Summary Judgment. Retrieved on October 25, 2006 From: http://hennepin.timberlakepublishing.com/article.asp?article=764paper=1cat=147

Marketing Management and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Management and Strategy - Essay Example Different Firms use different strategies for the local and foreign marketing management. The main aim of this report is to critically analyze the international operations of an organization and the chosen company for the purpose is Coca Cola which is such a successful company due to its unique strategies. The Coca Cola Company is known widespread for its fizzy carbonated soft drink which is being sold in stores, cafeterias and retailing machines within more than 200 countries. Coca-Cola head offices are situated in Atlanta, Georgia, from where it was originated. The Coca-Cola Company actually produces beyond three thousands drinks and possesses four of the topmost five brands of soft drinks (Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta). ‘Coke’ brand is among the world’s top familiar and extensively sold profitable products. Its biggest competitor is Pepsi. Though coke has been fronting a lot of criticism from many NGOs due to the presence of huge amount of Acid and the unhealthy impacts of the carbonated water but it has built strategies to overcome these and is still most familiar and favorite drink. Additionally the company is known for its ethical and safety considerations (Ford, Stephens, & Cooper, 2007). Initially this carbonated drink was envisioned as a patent medicine in the time it was first invented during early nineteenth century, then Coca Cola was subscribed by wise businessman, named Asa Griggs Candler, who made belligerent marketing strategies and enthusiastic marketing campaigns which steered the brand ‘Coke’ to be the most super and widely accepted brand in the world through the twentieth century. While confronted with charges of tenacious lateral impacts on the health of customers and unchallenged practices of the Coca Cola Company, Coke has continued to be a widespread soft drink in the twenty first century as well (Ford, Stephens, & Cooper, 2007). The company has also made its 2020

Eating meat and fish vecessarily involves cruelty to other living Essay

Eating meat and fish vecessarily involves cruelty to other living creatures. Vegetarianism should be made compulsory - Essay Example People that follow such diet are referred as vegetarians, and are found mostly in Asian countries that are dominated by Buddhism and Hinduism religions that assert humans to live on a plant-based diet. (Portmess, 2001) A number of variations have been observed in the abovementioned dietary practice, in terms of exclusion or inclusion of poultry items. It is observed that a minority group of vegetarians, animal lovers, and religious experts has asserted the fact that an omnivorous diet is a symbolic way of showing cruelty to animals. Such a notion has been contradicted by a multitude of observable facts that will be discussed in this paper. It is observed that such a notion has been influenced by a number of ethical, emotional, and religious factors, rather than scientific or rational reasons. In this regard, such statement cannot be scrutinized through rational understanding. Still, it is observed that some animals that produce meat are sacred in some religions, and societies following such religions consider meat-related products as an act against the word of God. (Fox, 1999) Such a statement can be contradicted by the analysis of human body that is created according to the requirements of a meat-based diet. Digestive system of the human body is very effective in terms of digesting meat-based, as well as, vegetable-based diet, and therefore, it would be ridiculous to say that eating meat-based diet is against the word of God. Moreover, natural ecosystem is one of the major examples that oppose the abovementioned statement. It is the rule of nature that stronger ones kill and eat weaker ones, and it is very essential for the continuity of animal kingdom. In this regard, if the vegetarianism will be made compulsory, survival will become one of the problems of human beings, as animal population will multiply and be ten times greater than the human population. (Spencer, 2004) Statement of vegetarians is supported by

Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Below - Essay Example After deciding I wanted to commit myself abroad, I decided to enroll in the Paris Summer Program. I felt that this program would offer me a hand on opportunity for me to further enhance and test my control of the French language in real life experience, something that could only be achieved by working overseas. I also knew that this would also help me complete the requirements of my French major. Beside just this, I would also become integrated and introduced to a new and exciting culture, as well as the different ideas and thought patterns of the French people. I feel this is invaluable experience, and an experience that can only be truly attained by working with the culture first hand in that very country. This will also help me to expand my horizons as an International Relations major, and will help be learn how to work with other cultures, a valuable experience for one like me who wishers to further become involved in the field of International Relations. One of my aspirations an d greatest dream is to work with an international organization in Switzerland, which is a Francophone country.

The Moral Acceptability Of Passive Euthanasia

The Moral Acceptability Of Passive Euthanasia This paper will discuss the moral permissibility and acceptability of passive euthanasia, especially with regard to active euthanasia. The aim of the paper is to argue for the thesis that passive euthanasia is morally acceptable under certain conditions. I will present a defense of this thesis by defining its terms, distinguishing the various forms of euthanasia, especially between active and passive, as well as voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia. I will cite concrete cases and also consider various factors that may affect the euthanasia decision, such as the pain and suffering of the patient. The arguments will be evaluated from utilitarian perspectives, taking into account the views of Kant and Aristotle. Strictly speaking, the term euthanasia refers to actions or omissions that result in the death of a person who is already gravely ill. (Moreno). There are two important features of euthanasia. First, that euthanasia involves the deliberate and premeditated act, of taking away a persons life; and, second, that it is an act of mercy, which is taken for the sake of the person whose life is unbearable from pain or has an incurable disease. This notion of mercy distinguishes euthanasia from most other forms of taking life. Euthanasia is a controversial concept, which evokes heated moral, medical, legal, and social debates. The term has both positive and negative connotations: the fundamental idea is, that a suffering person will be relieved by means of an act of mercy, but at the same time there are numerous abuse cases where people have been killed or murdered under the euthanasia pretext. There are various forms of euthanasia. Although the topic of this paper is the discussion of moral acceptability of passive euthanasia, it is important to distinguish between active and passive forms of euthanasia: actively causing a person to die (for example by intentionally giving some medication) or passively allowing them to die by withdrawing or withholding their treatment, or taking away something they need to survive. Typical examples of passive euthanasia are switching off life-supporting machines, such as feeding tubes, respirators, or not carrying out life-extending operations and treatments or not giving life-extending drugs. Another categorization of euthanasia is along voluntariness or by consent: voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia are both in the patients interest, freeing him/her from unbearable suffering. The difference between the two lies in the patients ability to make the decision. In the case of voluntary euthanasia (which is also often referred to as assist ed suicide) the terminally ill patient is mentally competent and makes the decision about terminating his/her own life. In the case of non-voluntary euthanasia (which is also often referred to as mercy killing) the patient is not mentally competent to make a decision about his/her fate (for terminal brain damage or coma, for example) and a proxy, the guardian or physician makes the decision on his/her behalf. Finally, involuntary euthanasia though not in the focus of this paper needs to be mentioned as a conceptually different form of euthanasia. In this case euthanasia is administered without the consent, and against the will of the person. In the following I will compare and contrast passive and active euthanasia, discuss whether there is a moral difference between them, and mount a defense of the thesis, that in most cases there is no real moral difference between helping someone die and letting someone die. I will also argue that there is a more profound moral difference between voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia, and there need to be clear guidelines to ascertain that no one gets killed against his/her wishes. By explaining that there is, in fact, no relevant moral difference between omissions and acts, I will prove that active euthanasia is not immoral and is fundamentally no different than passive euthanasia, and in some cases passive euthanasia is more moral than active. The utilitarians emphasize that when deciding an acts morality we should only consider the consequences (Mill). To validate this point, first, we may argue, that it is not exactly correct to say that omission is a non-act (Rachels). Letting t he patient die is also an act. There is an active decision of not to perform certain other life-saving actions. However, whether it is considered an act or not, the outcomes are the same, thus regarding morality they should be approached in the same way. From a moral perspective pulling the plug of the respirator, withdrawing the feeding tube or withdraw a life sustaining treatment is an act itself, which means, that omission is also an act itself. Thus passive euthanasia is subject to moral appraisal in the same way that active euthanasia, a decision to directly act would be subject to moral appraisal. Since utilitarians are only concerned with the consequences of an action, not with the motives or the action itself, there does not seem to be any reason to distinguish between active and passive euthanasia, since they both lead to the same ultimate conclusion (the death of the patient). If we consider the amount of happiness or pain that either form of euthanasia creates, however, o ne may even argue, that withholding a treatment (passive euthanasia) may take the patient longer to die, and so lead to more suffering, than if more direct actions would be taken (active euthanasia). This suggests, that from a utilitarian perspective once an initial decision not to prolong the patients life and agony has been made, active euthanasia would actually be preferable to passive euthanasia, because it would decrease overall pain. If we examine the difference between passive and active euthanasia from a deontologists (Kants) point of view we can come to a similar conclusion. One of his basic insights is that morality is a matter of motives and intentions, and not a matter of consequences (Kant). If we accept that the intent of an action determines morality rather than the effects, omissions would be subject to the same moral evaluation as acts, since the underlying motives would be similar (to end the patients suffering). This argument also suggests that there is no morally relevant difference between act and omission, that is, between active and passive euthanasia. In fact, if we proceed with this argument and develop the logic that morality is a matter of intentions further, we can conclude, that passive euthanasia leads to more suffering rather than less, and is contrary to the motivation that prompts the initial decision of not to prolong the patients life and agony. Thus, active euthanasia is not only not morally inferior to passive euthanasia, but may indeed be preferable. (Current) So far we have looked at the possible differences between the various forms of euthanasia and came to conclude, that, although there are some valid arguments from the causality perspective, and also the current practices worldwide might allow passive euthanasia, but not, or only very rarely allow active euthanasia, we see no major moral distinction between the two forms. From a utilitarian perspective they both lead to the same conclusion, and we even terminate that in some cases active euthanasia may be preferable to passive form, because it brings less suffering to the patient. We have, however, came to conclude that there is a more significant distinction between voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia, since in the latter the patients will may or may not be carried out which can lead to potentially killing someone who either wouldnt have wanted to be killed in this way. The subject of euthanasia is filled with room for interpretation. In the analysis above we have proved that there are various and contradictory approaches, and it seems to be difficult to come to a conclusion about the moral rightness of euthanasia. A different approach could be to study the concept of euthanasia case by case and determine the ethical values and the major factors that need to be considered in an attempt to establish some criteria for moral acceptability. In the next part of this paper I will discuss the various factors that influence the euthanasia decision through some concrete cases and evaluate their moral acceptability. Human life itself is commonly taken to be a cardinal good for people, often valued for its own sake. But when a competent, terminally ill patient decides that the best life possible for him/ her with treatment is of such bad quality that it is worse than no further life at all, than continued life is no longer considered a benefit. Human life should not be degraded by reducing the quality of life for the sake of artificially extending the quantity of life. When a person has no quality of life any more because of unbearable pain, then they should not be forced to live, they should be able to choose to die, because at one stage continued attempts to cure are not compassionate any more. However a deontologist would disagree with this argument. Kant emphasizes that it is persons duty to live, even if you have an untreatable illness. You have to act from duty and not give in to the easier path and chose euthanasia. The following example shows how it is possible to think this way and deny euthanasia: I no longer accept this enduring pain, and this protruding eye that nothing can be done about, Chantal Sebire 52 years old French schoolteacher said. I cant take this anymore. I want to go out celebrating, surrounded by my children, friends, and doctors before Im put to sleep definitively at dawn. When she was offered the possibility of passive euthanasia she objected: that passive form of euthanasia was neither dignified, humane, or respectful of me or my children. From these lines we can see how Sebire insists that she stays alive, since it is her duty. In this context euthanasia should be a natural extension of patients rights to life allowing them to decide the value of life and death. Through the next example we will see some difficulties we can come across when trying to enforce non-voluntary euthanasia. Current medical ethics seem to implicitly legitimize or legally accept passive euthanasia in many parts of the world with the moral argument of letting nature (the underlying disease) take its course, and accepting that human active (medical) intervention would simply lengthen this process unnecessarily (Moreno, 1995). This seems to be acceptable if that is what the patient wants (voluntary) or would have wanted (non-voluntary). Of course, the case of voluntary euthanasia is more straightforward: the patient is conscious and can actively give consent and confirm his/her wishes. In the case of non-voluntary euthanasia, however, when the patient is unconscious and incompetent, the decision makers must rely on former statements or comments of the patient where they had indicated they would not want to live hooked up to a machine or when it is hopeless. An example is the well known and much debated Eluana Englaro case. The Italian woman had been in coma for irreversible brain damage that she had suffered in a car accident at the age of 20. For 17 years she was in a vegetative state, while her father, ultimately successfully, fought for passive euthanasia (having her feeding tubes removed), saying it would be a dignified end, and this is what her daughter would have wanted. His argument was that her daughter had visited a friend in coma before her own accident, and stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾she did not want the same thing happen to her if she was in the same state (CNN.com, 2009). In absence of such former statements, the consenting proxy (guardian or physician) must rely on their own judgments and that has the possibility to lead to as it is called slippery slopes. This also brings up the problem of involuntary euthanasia, when euthanasia is administered without the consent, and against the will of the person. In our example how can we be sure th at the father is telling the truth? Or is he only saying this to help his own suffering? It is also important to see how the physicians role is crucial. It is them who know the patients condition well, who have access to drugs who have specialized knowledge or appropriate methods, and it is also them who can provide emotional support for the patient and the family. Equally importantly, it is also the physician who has been directly and intimately connected with and responsible for the persons care, and who the patient typically trusts. The physicians role is controversial too. One approach is that euthanasia is fundamentally incompatible with the physicians role as healer. This is one of the main arguments of the anti-euthanasia movements, which often cite the Hippocratic Oath, that clearly states: I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it (Hippocratese) This explicitly forbids killing patients. However, we must understand that Hippocrates did not explicitly say that doctors must preserve life at all costs. Also, we may argue the real word-by-word rel evance of the Oath to modern medicine and to the current rights of patients and doctors. The Oath can also be interpreted as a duty of the physician to alleviate pain and suffering. If there is no other option, the doctor, in fulfilling this duty, should be allowed to actively end the patients life. Throughout this essay we have had a look at the different types of euthanasia, and how different moral approaches accept them. We managed to conclude that morally there is no difference between passive and active euthanasia, and in some cases active euthanasia would even be advantageous. We also saw how it is hard to come up with a universal law how to judge euthanasia, since each case is extremely different and there are a lot of perspectives that have to be considered. Therefore when deciding on the moral acceptability of euthanasia we have to view each case separately and then with regard to each theory decide on its morality.

Is It Better to Study in Arts or Science Stream?

Question: Is it better to study in Arts or Science stream? Discuss Nowadays, the level of education is very important in an individual because the world is rapidly developing and required people to have high intellectual capabilities in order to cope with the development. Art and science streams are two fields that offer jobs in many countries in this world. People question that art stream people are usually better in social skill and they help a lot in boosting the economy of a country. Others, however, believes that science stream have more stable pay and contribute a lot in humanity apart from financial benefits. Firstly, people in art streams tend to socialize more with people as their field usually need them to work with other people in order to ensure the success of their career. Communication skill also can be developing as they communicate with others a lot. For instance, in business field, businessmen or businesswomen need to meet their clients to discuss about their business progress. This required them to have good communication skill to make sure the clients can have a clear view about the business in which they are working. Business professions also make the entrepreneur to meet new people and make friends with them as business professions requires them to explore a lot and not to do the office works only. This will open their mind towards new things that happen around the world. Next, the arts and creative industry has the potential of generating high income and making the Malaysian economy more dynamic or boost industry economy, whereby in 2008 from Malaysian statistics, it contributed RM 9. billion, besides providing many jobs available. Realizing the importance of this industry, the government has allocated millions for the Creative Industry Fund to finance activities like arts, film and drama production, music, animation, advertising and developing local content. The funding in the form of loans is managed by financial banking. The development of countries such as Singapore and even the US has been helped greatly by arts and creative industry to boost their economy. An additional point is that the influx of foreign investors can put pressure on services such as marketing, and these costs can be used to increase the production in arts and creative industry. Besides that, with participation of private companies, government linked companies and involvement of investors from many countries; it can ensure that the Malaysian creative product brand names are accepted in the local market and able to compete at the regional and international levels through continuous promotions. All these factors can result in boosted of economic for the government. On the other hand, science stream have variety scopes of learning such as the biology, chemistry, physical and many more. With this different kind of learning, the opportunity of jobs becomes wider. In comparison with the art stream, one with the knowledge of biological studies can even work in engineering field even though they are in different fields. Furthermore, jobs in this stream have more stable pay instead of the art stream. The definite example is the work of a doctor. They receive same payment for every month either they work for the whole month or simply for sometimes. They can also live their life happily without even worried about having shortness of money in this develop country. In addition, this field of study contributes to humanity in many ways. In medical field, the new discovery of various drugs and treatment methods helps to increase the lifespan of humans. Justice can be served through forensics as samples collected from the scene of crime can be traced to any perpetrators. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to make stem cells transplant a success in the near future. Engineering provides humans with the latest and trendiest technology with the aim of making life more comfortable. Last but not least, research by scientists help to confirm any suspected hypothesis such as gravity and effectiveness of antibiotics. There are equal advantages in studying arts and science field. Hence, this solely depends on different individual’s interest and attitude. One may argue that science stream provides a stable pay but if one is not interested in that field, it brings no meaning at all in studying that particular field. Likewise, if one is motivated and inspired to succeed, it does not matter which field he is studying because regardless of science or arts stream, as long as he is has the motivation and interest, he is bound to succeed. In a nutshell, interest and attitude play an important role in determining which field is more suitable for one’s choice of study.

Ap Euro Dbq

Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as the main reason for the fighting. Initially, it was fought largely as a religious war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over internal politics and the balance of power within the Empire played a significant part.A major consequence of the Thirty Years' War was the devastation of entire regions, denuded by the foraging armies. Famine and disease significantly decreased the population of the German states and Bohemia, the Low Countries, and Italy, and most of the combatant powers were bankrupted. These statements and the thirty years war all led to: The fall of Spain, France’s aggression to win, and absoluti sm in France. In the two treaties of the Thirty Years War, France replaced Spain as the most powerful country in Europe. Spain was unable to recover so quickly from her great losses: she was not only without funds, but without credit, incapable of any great effort in terms of money or man-power†¦Her king was old and in dubious health; he had just one son, young and rather feeble†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Document 3, this was said by King Louis XIV. Louis XIV shows bias in this document by presenting the flaws and exaggerating Spain’s situation; making it seem like Spain was going to fall and no one will be/is there to rule it. He made it seem like there was no competition, only him left.The Spanish navy was badly crushed and Portugal revolted against Spanish rule, corrupting Ferdinand II. Louis XIV aggression to win most made huge statements across Europe. King Louis XIV in document 3 along with document 5 shows tons of bias; he only talks about how great France is and how they woul dn’t make it without his foreseeing and support. France had many allies during the thirty years war for example, France. King Louis XIV talks about how he couldn’t have won alone, but it was mainly his success. In the course of this war I flatter myself that I demonstrated what France, unaided, can achieve†¦All of my subjects supported me to the best of their ability: in the armies, by their valour, in my kingdom, by their zeal, and in foreign lands† Document 5. Louis XIV was very one sided and believed France was above everyone else. In addition, France was backed by Sweden, from what you see in Document 2 Sweden soldiers thought of peasants as sub-human and believed they freely act without judgment.After the thirty years war was over, France sprung into the age of absolutism. King Louis XIV fought to eliminate Protestants and the practicing of their faith in France. King Louis XIV’s ideas were always respected and no one dared to cross judge his ide as; as said in Document 7, â€Å"All the eyes are fixed on him alone; it is to him that all the wishes are addressed; he alone receives all the respects; he alone is the object of all hopes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Even though France had a Protestant population, Louis XIV wanted France to be pure of Protestants and their believing’s.The Thirty’s Years war devastated all of Europe; financially, economically, and politically. So great was the devastation brought about by the war that estimates put the reduction of population in the  German states. Catholics and Protestants went to war in the Holy Roman Empire due to the power struggle that could hold on no longer. France was completely bankrupted (Document 9) and sent famine across Europe. The thirty years war all led to: The fall of Spain, France’s aggression to win, and absolutism in France.

French Subjunctive Irregular Conjugations

French Subjunctive Irregular Conjugations While not as difficult as using the French subjunctive, conjugating irregular and stem-changing verbs into the subjunctive can be a little tricky.Stem-changing verbs and most irregular verbs follow the same pattern as regular verbs for the singular conjugations (je, tu, il/elle/on) as well as the third person plural (ils/elles): the subjunctive stem is derived from the present tense conjugation of ils. boire envoyer prendre venir present tense: ils boivent envoient prennent viennent stem boiv- envoi- prenn- vienn- subjunctive endings: boire envoyer prendre venir ... que je -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... que tu -es boives envoies prennes viennes ... quil/elle/on -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... quils/elles -ent boivent envoient prennent viennent However, the nous and vous forms of the subjunctive find their stems in the present tense conjugation of nous: present tense: nous buvons envoyons prenons venons stem buv- envoy- pren- ven- subjunctive endings : ... que nous -ions buvions envoyions prenions venions ... que vous -iez buviez envoyiez preniez veniez This two-stem subjunctive pattern applies to all stem-changing verbs as well as all but seven irregular verbs.Five verbs have irregular subjunctive stems but take the same endings as above: One stem Two stems* faire pouvoir savoir aller vouloir stem(s) fass- puiss- sach- aill- / all- veuill- / voul- ... que je (j) fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que tu fasses puisses saches ailles veuilles ... quil/elle/on fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que nous fassions puissions sachions allions voulions ... que vous fassiez puissiez sachiez alliez vouliez ... quils/elles fassent puissent sachent aillent veuillent *These two verbs have different stems for je/tu/il/ils and nous/vous.And finally, two verbs have irregular stems as well irregular endings: avoir tre ... que je (j) aie sois ... que tu aies sois ... quil/elle/on ait soit ... que nous ayons soyons ... que vous ayez soyez ... quils/elles aient soient

HOW RAP GETS A BAD REP essays

HOW RAP GETS A BAD REP essays From its early days in the Bronx to its international popularity, rap and hip-hop, the two words used interchangeably, have become a big part of the entertainment industry. Despite its success, the rap industry has been plagued with controversy. News medias attention on rap seems fixated on instances of violence at rap concerts, gangsta raps lurid fantasies of cop killing, female bashing, and black nationalist rappers suggestions that white people are the devils disciples. The reality of the situation, however, is that the lyrics many rappers use contain positive messages of philosophy and of personal experiences. Artists use their songs to express themselves and their situations. Much of the criticism Received is due to a biased media which portrays content of many rap songs as nothing but endless profanity and extremely offensive language. In addition, much is said about the extent to which violence is used in the songs. Violence towards women, homosexuals or rival rappers. Also, rap artists themselves, for the most part have become victims of the stereotypical media which portrays them very negatively. Finally The urban youth of America have been given a bad reputation as gang members in waiting, and petty thugs due to fact that the majority listen to rap music. The hip-hop community receives much criticism for its use of vulgar and offensive language. When a rap artist such as Eminem is written about in the media, often the writer will focus solely on criticizing the profanity in his lyrics as apposed to the overall message trying to be conveyed in the song. For example, in a recent issue of the L.A Times, Eminem was described as the artist who raps in a gleefully explicit style..... [thats is] clownish and just plain rude. If the content and style of his music is based solely on the use of coarse language, why then are other forms of entertainment not condemned ...

What Is The Relationship Between Whiteness And Racism Effects of Essay

What Is The Relationship Between Whiteness And Racism Effects of Racism and Sexism. Binary Logic of Race - Essay Example Western society has a shameful and recent legacy of slavery and is a country stratified by race, gender and class. For some, like renowned African American author, scholar and social activist, bell hooks, the United States is a country with a strong tradition of institutionalized racism which permeates all aspects of modern America society (see hooks' Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, 1981). Importantly as well, the United Kingdom has a colonial legacy in which racist ideas about civilisation governed its colonial conquests. For many in the UK as well as in the United States, racism is an ever-present aspect of the social condition and is built upon a rigid social code, a white/black binary which has its roots in a belief that whiteness is superior to all other types of skin tones. The following will explore racism today and the relationship between whiteness and race in modern society.... variety of factors can account for this disparity, low birth weight remains the most prominent cause of a higher infant mortality rate amongst black babies. In fact, black babies in America have a 300% greater likelihood of being born with a low birthrate relative to their white counterparts. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention found a variety of socio-economic causes for the phenomenon of low birth weight, including poverty, poor nutrition, a lack of knowledge about pregnancy and the challenges associated with it, and access to proper medical facilities. The disparity in black-white successful birth ratios in America thus can be attributed to social forces and socio-economic differences amongst black and white Americans (Carmichal and Iyasu, 1998; Kogan, 1997) Binary Logic of Race The binary logic of race is inherently hierarchical and people of mixed racial parentage or individuals who are bi-racial are somewhere in-between the artificial and socially constructed binary so pervasive in modern American society. How do mulatto people identify within the rigid constraints of the racial binary How is racial identity redefined by individuals who, through no fault of the own, do not fit into the supposedly neat and compact racial categories society seeks to impose on them Most importantly, how are people who are mulatto freed from the binary concept of race and how do these people define their own unique racial identities Seeking to answer these questions and further analyze the social construction of identity today, this essay will discuss readings from Reddy, Walker, Senna and Williams with an eye to the social construction of race and racial identity. The specific focus will be on how the artificial binaries of race and race hierarchy are navigated and

Garnet lake in Prescott Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Garnet lake in Prescott Arizona - Essay Example The geology is quite breathtaking with the banner peak, which stands at 3,943 meters, being Ritter Range’s second tallest peak in the Sierra Nevada region (Siragusa 46). The lake is surrounded by a mountainous landscape whose slopes are adorned by a few glaciers. The lake and the surrounding mountain peaks are to be found within the Ansel Adams Wilderness and is part of several lakes that lie within this area. The other lakes include Lake Ediza, Shadow Lake, Lake Catherine, and the Thousand Island Lake (Siragusa 50). Banner peak was the most striking geological feature around the lake. During the observation period, I was able to witness the formation of banner clouds at the top of the adjacent Banner Peak. Garnett Lake is best known for the work that was done by Ansel Adams, an American film maker and photographer, as well as environmentalist, whose black and white pictures photographs of the surrounding area became famous around the same time that Americans began to get envi ronmentally conscious (Siragusa 61). It was at this site that Ansel Adams, together with Fred Archer, developed the zone system so as to make a determination of proper exposure, as well as the improve the, final print’s contrast. In conjunction with Willard van Dyke, Adams Ansel, founded Group f/64 and the pictures, films that they reproduced as a group are famous and have been reproduced in books, on posters, and calendars, making photographs of the region, and especially Garnet Lake, distributed widely around the world. On my trip to garnet Lake, I was so enchanted by the lake and surrounding scenery that I could not stop taking photographs. I had seen the lake on numerous geographically themed shows, calendars, and postcards, but seeing the lake first hand was just breathtaking. I found solace in its solace, artistic inspiration, and its pure sense of adventure, which I found in plenty among the brooding and cloud-laden skies, snow swept passes, and jagged granite peaks. I was inspired to visit the lake in the hope of seeing what had inspired Ansel Adam in essence I was not disappointed. Approaching the lake from the River Trail from the trees at 9,833 feet, I truly admired the splendid prospect set against strong and slanting sunlight. The lake, strewn with boulders, was surrounded by alpine meadows and anchored by Mount Ritter and especially Banner Peak. Suddenly, everything seemed to fall into place in an unbelievably agreeable manner with the mountain, clouds, and rock providing magic of unity that was simply unprecedented in my book. I wandered around the lake carefully, balancing, sometimes precariously, on large boulders, and scrutinizing the scene. The sun, peeking intermittently through the clouds, was roasting at times. I attempted to locate a scene from one of Ansel Adams’ famous photographs and found one of them that captured Banner Peak, the clouds, and the glimmering lake. The scene was more enchanting than I expected, except for the lack of pine to its right and feathery clouds that hugged the mountain peaks in the photograph. This was my only disappointment since the many photographs that I had seen of this beautiful lake had